民事执行和解协议司法审查制度研究

Research on Judicial Review System of Settlement of Reconciliation in Civil Enforcement

民事执行和解制度作为一项解决我国“执行难”问题的重大创新,在复杂的司法实践中发挥着重要作用。但由于民事执行和解在制度构建上仍然存在部分理论争议尚未解决,执行法院在执行工作中也存在一定的运用偏差,致使执行和解制度出现功能异化,在具体运行中存在较多问题,如和解协议内容不合法,和解协议在订立时不具有可执行性导致执行和解制度“空转”,甚至使案件再次陷入执行难困境。本文首先在肯定对执行和解协议进行司法审查的基础上,探讨对执行和解协议进行司法审查的本质与必要性。其次,确定执行法院对执行和解协议的审查范围,指出现行司法审查制度存在的问题。最后,对我国民事执行和解司法审查制度的构建提出完善意见,以期降低执行和解翻悔率。

As a major innovation to solve the problem of “difficulty in enforcement” in China, the system of reconciliation in civil enforcement plays an important role in the complicated judicial practice. However, due to the unsolved theoretical disputes, there are many problems in the specific operation of the enforcement reconciliation system, such as the illegal content of the settlement of reconciliation, the unenforceability of the settlement of reconciliation at the time of conclusion, which leads to the “idling” of the enforcement reconciliation system, and even makes the case fall into the dilemma of enforcement again. This paper firstly discusses the essence and necessity of judicial review based on affirming the judicial review on the settlement of reconciliation in enforcement. Secondly, it determines the scope of the judicial review and point out the problems in the current judicial review system. Finally, it make suggestions for constructing a complete judicial review system to reduce the rate of reneging.