海洋生态保护法律问题研究

Research on Legal Issues of Marine Ecological Protection

随着我国海洋强国战略的实施,海洋领域受到越来越多的关注。开发和保护同行,污染防治和生态修复并重,科学经略海洋资源,恢复海洋天然再生能力,海洋生态文明建设已经纳入我国海洋开发总体布局之中。新修订的《海洋环境保护法》专篇规定了海洋生态保护的法律问题,建立完善的海洋生态保护法律体系,不仅是中国成为海洋大国的必要因素和重要保障,也是世界各国在制定海洋战略和海洋政策时需要考虑的重要内容。本文共分为三个部分:第一部分,分析了我国海洋生态保护的相关立法现状;第二部分提出我国海洋生态保护存在的问题,例如立法原则性过强,管理部门责任规定不明确、海洋刑事案件罪名设置不足,法律责任弱化、海洋公益诉讼主体单一、公民海洋生态保护法律意识淡薄等问题,并提出了我国海洋生态法律保护的建议和对策,如加强海洋环境相关法律体系建设,形成海洋基本法,打破区域封锁、强化统筹协调,明确海洋公益诉讼主体,完善刑事案件罪名设置,提高公众海洋生态保护意识的建议。

With the implementation of China’s marine power strategy, the marine field has received more and more attention. The development and protection of peers, pollution prevention and ecological restoration, scientific management of marine resources, restoration of marine natural regeneration capacity, and the construction of marine ecological civilization have been included in the overall layout of China’s marine development. The newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law stipulates the legal issues of marine ecological protection in a special section. The establishment of a sound legal system for marine ecological protection is not only a necessary factor and an important guarantee for China to become a maritime power, but also an important content that countries in the world need to consider when formulating marine strategies and policies. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part analyzes the current situation of legislation related to marine ecological protection in China;the second part puts forward the problems existing in China’s marine ecological protection, such as too strong legislative principles, unclear regulations on the responsibilities of the administrative departments, insufficient setting of the charges in marine criminal cases, weakening of legal responsibilities, single subject of marine public interest litigation, and weak legal awareness of citizens in marine ecological protection, and puts forward suggestions and countermeasures for China’s marine ecological legal protection, such as strengthening the construction of the relevant legal system of the marine environment. It is suggested to form the basic marine law, break the regional blockade, strengthen overall coordination, clarify the subject of marine public interest litigation, improve the charge setting of criminal cases, and improve the public awareness of marine ecological protection.