家事诉讼中未成年子女利益保护问题研究

The Research on the Protection of Minor Children’s Interests in Family Litigation

家事诉讼涉及了因感情关系引起的身份关系如亲子、婚姻关系或财产关系的法律纠纷,故而家事案件相较普通民事诉讼案件具有更强的伦理性和复杂性。而家事案件中的当事人多为具有亲属关系的人,对簿公堂时很容易对家庭中未成年人的精神和生理造成不良影响。未成年人心智水平不成熟和提高审判效率的考虑,一般在涉及未成年人的家事诉讼中很少听取未成年人的意见。本文探究了如何从程序保障的角度来维护家事诉讼中未成年人的利益。从立法和司法的角度对我国家事诉讼中未成年子女利益程序保障的现状进行了分析,指出我国现阶段家事诉讼中未成年子女利益程序保障存在的制度缺陷及实务困顿。提出关于完善我国家事诉讼中未成年子女利益程序保障制度的构建设想,包括确立未成年人利益最大化原则、完善案件事实调查制度、保障未成年子女参与诉讼的权利以及改善案件审理形式。

Family litigation involves legal disputes over identity relationships such as parent-child, marital or property relationships caused by emotional relationships, so family cases are more ethical and complex than ordinary civil litigation cases. However, the parties in family cases are mostly relatives, and it is easy to cause adverse effects on the mental and physical health of minors in the family when they are brought to court. The immature mental level of minors and the consideration of improving the efficiency of the trial generally seldom listen to the opinions of minors in family proceedings involving minors. This paper explores how to safeguard the interests of minors in family litigation from the perspective of procedural protection. From the perspective of legislation and jus-tice, this paper analyzes the current situation of the procedural protection of the interests of minor children in China’s family litigation, and points out the institutional defects and practical difficulties in the procedural protection of the interests of minor children in China’s current family litigation. This paper puts forward the construction idea of improving the procedural protection system for the interests of minor children in domestic litigation in China, including establishing the principle of maximizing the interests of minors, improving the case fact investigation system, protecting the rights of minor children to participate in litigation, and improving the case trial form.