人格权保护的理念蝶变与体系构成

The Conception Change and System Constitution of the Protection of Personality Right

由民事单行法到民法典的过渡,人格权保护的理念也随之变迁,呈现从单一的消极防御到消极防御与积极利用并重、从事后救济为中心到事前防御和事后救济并重的特质。由此,我国人格权保护的体系也质变为损害预防与损害赔偿并行的结构,其中损害预防由人格权禁令、预防性人格权请求权以及人格要素许可使用构成;损害赔偿则与消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉共同协力,侵害人格权的精神损害赔偿也扩张为侵权精神损害赔偿和违约精神损害赔偿的二元模式。此种保护理念和体系的转变,对人格权的保护、救济、商业利用具有重要意义。

In the transition from the civil law to the civil Code, the concept of personality right protection has also changed, showing the characteristics from a single passive defense to passive defense and active use, the post-relief as the center to pre-defense and post-relief. Thus, the system of personality right protection has become a parallel structure of damage prevention and damage compensation, which is composed of the ban of personality right, the preventive request right of personality right and the permissible use of personality elements. The compensation for damages works together with the elimination of influence, the restoration of reputation, and the apology. The compensation for the spiritual damage of the infringement of personality rights also expands into the dual model of the compensation for the spiritual damage of tort and the compensation for the spiritual damage of breach of contract. The transformation of the protection concept and system is of great significance to the protection, relief and commercial utilization of the right of personality.