行政公益诉讼制度中检察机关的角色定位

The Role Orientation of Procuratorial Organ in Administrative Public Interest Litigation System

我国行政公益诉讼制度自2015年在北京、内蒙古等13个省、自治区、直辖市进行试点,到2017年被正式规定在《行政诉讼法》中,已经发展了四年多的时间,积累了丰富的实践经验。但是,由于相关法律规定地较为原则,导致在制度设计和实践运行等方面仍存在着有待解决的现实障碍。行政公益诉讼这一新制度的理论基础和体系结构,与行政诉讼在制度性质和价值追求等诸多方面有着重大的差异,甚至可以说有本质的不同。这个新的制度无法完全嵌入现有的诉讼框架,因此需要构建符合其特征的基本理论体系和制度规则。本文以行政公益诉讼制度中检察机关的角色定位为研究方向,共分为五个部分进行研究。介绍了公益诉讼和行政公益诉讼的起源、发展、取得的成果和重要意义。对检察机关提起行政公益诉讼的诉权基础、角色定位等问题进行研究,分析检察机关在该制度中具有双重角色的特点。通过对现行的立法和实际运行问题等进行深入分析和研究,探讨了该制度中存在的相关问题。对所发现问题的原因进行分析和总结,提出完善行政公益诉讼中检察机关“公益公诉人”角色定位等问题的基本构想,使行政公益诉讼程序更加完善,推动该项制度更好的发展。

China’s administrative public interest litigation system has been piloted in 13 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, including Beijing and Inner Mongolia, in 2015, and was officially stipulated in the Administrative Procedure Law in 2017. It has developed for more than four years and accumulated rich practical experience. However, due to the relatively principled provisions of relevant laws, there are still practical obstacles to be solved in the system design and practical operation. The theoretical basis and system structure of the new system of administrative public interest litigation are significantly different from administrative litigation in many aspects, such as the nature of the system and the pursuit of value. This new system cannot be completely embedded in the existing litigation framework, so it is necessary to build a basic theoretical system and institutional rules that conform to its characteristics. This paper focuses on the role orientation of procuratorial organs in the administrative public interest litigation system, and is divided into five parts. It introduces the origin, development, achievements and significance of public interest litigation and administrative public interest litigation. This paper studies the basis of the right of action and the role orientation of the procuratorial organ in the adminis-trative public interest litigation, and analyzes the characteristics of the procuratorial organ’s dual role in the system. Through in-depth analysis and research on the current legislation and practical operation problems, the relevant problems in the system are discussed. Analyze and summarize the causes of the problems found, and put forward the basic concept of improving the role of the procuratorial organ “public prosecutor” in the administrative public interest litigation, so as to make the administrative public interest litigation procedure more perfect and promote the better development of the system.