共同富裕视阈下土地经营权信托的本土化设计

The Localization Design of Land Manage-ment Right Trust from the Perspective of Common Prosperity

土地信托是英美法系国家信托制度的起源,自信托法制度引入后,农村土地经营权信托也在我国有了十余年的实践经验。土地信托制度是高效的土地流转模式,在共同富裕的语境下,土地信托制度应当在维持原有功能的基础上朝着资本化、市场化的方向进行设计。在具体实践中,我国土地经营权信托存在政府角色失位、监管不当以及信托公司参与意愿不强等困境。在法律构造上,三权分置背景下土地承包权和经营权的属性成为学界研究的重点,而信托制度独特的法律关系也是该制度构造的一大难题。为推广该项制度,应当首先明确在稳定农户承包权的基础上最大程度提高土地经营权流转效率的原则。再确立土地承包权资格权之属性以及土地经营权的财产性用益物权之属性。具体设计上,明确政府角色、引入保险机制等一系列配套制度也是支持这一制度的有力举措。

Land trust is the origin of trust system in Anglo American law countries. After the introduction of trust law system, rural land management right trust has also had more than ten years of practical experience in China. The land trust system is an efficient land circulation model. In the context of common prosperity, the land trust system should be designed in the direction of capitalization and marketization while maintaining its original functions. In concrete practice, there are dilemmas in China’s land management rights trust, such as the loss of government role, improper supervision, and weak willingness of trust companies to participate. In terms of legal structure, the attributes of land contracting rights and management rights in the context of the separation of three rights have become the focus of academic research, and the unique legal relationship of the trust system is also a major problem in the construction of the system. In order to promote this system, it is necessary to first clarify the principle of maximizing the efficiency of land management rights transfer on the basis of stabilizing farmers’ contractual rights. Establish the attribute of the qualification right of land contracting right and the attribute of the property usufructuary right of land management right. In terms of specific design, a series of supporting systems such as clarifying the role of the government and introducing insurance mechanisms are also powerful measures to support this system.