离婚案件中未成年子女的最佳利益保护

Best Interest Protection of Minor Children in Divorce Cases

当代社会离婚率不断攀升,离婚案件中未成年子女的利益保护迫在眉睫。“未成年子女最佳利益原则”是世界各国处理未成年子女事务的通识原则,我国急需以此原则为指导完善相关立法和司法实践,建立起具有中国特色的未成年子女最佳利益保护体系。本文对目前我国司法实践中存在的离婚案件中未成年子女利益保护不周、缺乏有效救助与监管问题,以法官缺失对案件事实的职权探析、容易忽视未成年子女的真实意愿、抚养一方监护机制不完善及抚养费支付不合理等现行司法实践中不完善的情况展开分析,在借鉴国外相关通行做法的前提下,提出针对性的具体对策,力求最大程度保护好离婚案件中未成年子女的利益。

The divorce rate in contemporary society is increasing, and the protection of minor children’s interests in divorce cases is imminent. The “principle of the best interests of minor children” is a general principle in dealing with the affairs of minor children in all countries in the world. China urgently needs this principle as a guide to improve relevant legislation and judicial practice, and establish a system of protecting the best interests of minor children with Chinese characteristics. This paper analyzes the imperfect situation in the current judicial practice of the minor children in divorce cases, such as the lack of protection of interests and the lack of effective rescue and supervision. It analyzes the imperfect situation in the current judicial practice, such as the lack of judges’ power to explore the facts of case, the tendency to ignore the true will of the minor children, the imperfect guardianization mechanism and the unreasonable payment of alimony. On the premise of learning from relevant foreign practices, this paper puts forward specific countermeasures to protect the interests of minor children in divorce cases to the greatest extent.