德国《可再生能源法》的新发展及对我国的启示

The New Development of Renewable Energy Law in Germany and the Enlightenment to Our Country

促进发展可再生能源是增强国家能源安全保障能力,实现“双碳”目标的必然选择。德国《可再生能源法》(EEG)对促进该国可再生能源开发利用、推进能源转型上发挥了重大作用,是世界可再生能源立法领域的典范。该法前后经过七次修订完善,特别是《可再生能源法》(EEG-2023)的新发展,建立起较为完善的法律体系框架。德国EEG的立法经验包括立法确立可再生能源发展的全面优先地位、目标有效引导可再生能源的发展、立法内容明确具体可操作性强、相关主体法律责任明确、制度设计契合实际、法律修订注重体系性,法律之间衔接良好。中国与德国可再生能源立法在立法背景、理念、内容、保障制度、法律责任等方面具有相似性,德国的立法经验对于我国修订完善《可再生能源法》,确立可再生能源发展全面优先地位、提升法律规范的可操作性、健全相关法律制度、厘清相关主体法律责任、完善法律实施评估机制等具有良好借鉴意义。

Promoting the development of renewable energy is an inevitable choice to enhance national energy security and achieve the goal of “double carbon”. Germany’s Renewable Energy Law (EEG) has played an important role in promoting the development and utilization of renewable energy in the country and promoting energy transformation, and is a model in the field of renewable energy legislation in the world. The law has been revised and improved seven times, especially the new development of the Renewable Energy Law (EEG-2023), which has established a relatively complete legal framework. The legislative experience of EEG in Germany includes establishing the overall priority status of the development of renewable energy through legislation, effectively guiding the development of renewable energy through objectives, clear legislative content, strong operability, clear legal responsibilities of relevant subjects, system design in accordance with the reality, legal revision focusing on the system, and good connection between laws. China and Germany have similarities in the legislative background, concept, content, guarantee system, legal liability and other aspects of renewable energy legislation. Germany’s legislative experience for China to revise and improve the Renewable Energy Law, It is of good reference significance to establish the overall priority status of renewable energy development, improve the operability of legal norms, improve the relevant legal system, clarify the legal responsibilities of relevant subjects, and improve the legal implementation evaluation mechanism.