欧盟环境法之预防原则在自动化决策当中的应用及对我国的启示

The Application of the Precautionary Principle of EU Environmental Law in Automated Decision-Making and Its Implications for China

随着自动化决策技术的发展,其运行模式更加接近于由机器在数字环境中自行作出决策行为,并对人类生活产生直接影响,且此种影响难以被预见。该模式类似于人类对自然环境产生了不可预知的损害。基于损害程度的不可预知性,可将其与欧盟环境法中的预防原则的相似性进行比较分析。欧盟的《通用数据保护条例》(General Data Protection Regulation,以下简称GDPR)中,已然将欧盟环境法中某些措施予以吸收借鉴,例如数据保护的影响性评估手段(Data Protection Impact Assess-ment,以下简称DPIA)。基于分析预防原则对欧盟数字立法的影响,对促进我国《个人信息保护法》的修改和完善具有积极影响。

With the development of automated decision-making technology, its operating mode is closer tomachines making decisions on their own in a digital environment and having a direct impact on human life, and this impact is difficult to predict. This mode is similar to humans causing unpredictable damage to the natural environment. Due to the unpredictability of the degree of damage, it can be compared and analyzed with the similarity of the precautionary principle in EU environmental law. In the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), some measures in EU environmental law have been absorbed and borrowed, such as the Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA). Based on the analysis of the impact of the precautionary principle on EU digital legislation, it has a positive impact on promoting the revision and improvement of China’s Personal Information Protection Law.