微罪治理体系下立法原则的审思与回应

Reviewing and Responding to Legislative Principles under the Micro-Crime Governance System

微罪立法作为功能主义背景下刑法活跃化的主要表现形式之一,在风险防范和社会治理中具有明显的法治合理性。微罪入刑的本质在于严密刑事法网,其将风险社会理论作为价值选择,以积极刑法观的姿态展现刑事立法从“厉而不严”向“严而不厉”的轻缓化转向。微罪治理体系饱受古典自由主义刑法质疑的原因在于,其对刑事立法原则的冲击将导致无限度的扩大其存在范围。但是,预防刑法是国民安全价值的必然选择,微罪立法并不是对刑法谦抑性的背离,而是通过刑法的早期介入实现对法益前置化保护。与此同时,以立法谦抑性作为微罪扩张的限缩路径,将比例原则确立为法益保护客观化与明确化的审查标准,并以预防责任实现我国微罪治理的最优化目标才是微罪立法原则完善的应然路径。

As one of the main manifestations of the activation of criminal law in the context of functionalism, micro-crime legislation has obvious rationality of rule of law in risk prevention and social governance. The essence of micro-crime legislation is to tighten the criminal law network, which takes the risk society theory as the value choice and shows the lighter turn of criminal legislation from “strict but not strict” to “strict but not strict” with a positive view of criminal law. The reason why the micro-crime system of governance has been challenged by classical liberal criminal law is that its impact on the principles of criminal legislation will lead to an unlimited expansion of its scope of existence. However, preventive criminal law is a necessary choice for the value of national security, and micro-crime legislation is not a departure from the modesty of criminal law, but a front-loaded protection of legal interests through the early intervention of criminal law. At the same time, the principle of proportionality should be established as the standard of review to objectify and clarify the protection of legal interests, and the preventive duty should be used to achieve the optimal goal of micro-crime governance in China.