行政确认无效之诉的起诉期限辨析

Analysis of the Time Limit of the Lawsuit for Administrative Confirmation of Invalidation

行政相对人就行政行为提起确认无效之诉究竟有没有起诉期限的规制,我国行政诉讼理论与实践都存在不同的观点,既有“法定期限说”和“无期限说”,也存在“适当期限”的主张。究其本质源于法规范的模糊性以及无效行政行为在相关制度构建上的缺陷。通过对确认无效之诉的独立性地位的检视,以及探究行诉解释第94条中所蕴含的可能存在的“隐性规则”即行政相对人因行政机关做出的行政行为无效而提起诉讼的前提并非在法定期限内提起,进而得出我国确认无效之诉并无起诉期限的限制。

There are different views on whether there is a statute of limitations for the administrative counterpart to file a lawsuit confirming the invalidity of administrative actions in China’s administrative litigation theory and practice. There are both “statutory statute of limitations” and “no statute of limitations”, as well as “appropriate statute of limitations”. The essence of this lies in the ambiguity of legal norms and the defects in the construction of relevant systems for invalid administrative acts. By examining the independent status of the lawsuit of confirming invalidity and exploring the possible “implicit rule” contained in Article 94 of the Interpretation of Actions, that is, the premise for the administrative counterpart to file a lawsuit due to the invalidity of an administrative act made by an administrative agency is not within the statutory time limit, it can be concluded that there is no limitation on the prosecution time limit for the lawsuit of confirming invalidity in China.