理想类型在法学领域的建构和实践——以刑法典和刑法修正案的社会实效为切入点

The Construction and Practice of the Ideal Type in the Field of Law—Starting from the Social Effectiveness of the Criminal Code and the Criminal Law Amendment

韦伯“理想类型”的社会学概念已经广为人知,但在作为社会科学的法学领域却少有人将其运用到法学实践中。笔者沿着社会理论法学的路径引介了韦伯的“理想类型”的社会概念和方法论,并对该理论在法学领域的运用进行了运作探索。本文“理想类型”扮演了出于理论而适用于部门法实践的角色,笔者以刑法教义学的社会实效为切入点,对刑法教义学主张的观点——维护刑法典的规范性和权威性,在实践上进行了逻辑批驳。本文在刑法修正案的教义学问题的提出和解决上沿用理想类型的理念模型,在此基础上对具体化的社会理论的法学领域的实践进行了探索,以期提供社会理论法学在实践上对教义学的价值补充,为实质、具象上的社会理论法学发展做出贡献。

Weber’s sociological concept of “ideal type” is widely known, but few people have applied it to legal practice in the field of law as a social science. The author introduces the social concept and methodology of the “ideal type” of Weber, and explores the application of this theory in the field of law. In this paper, “ideal type” plays a role applicable to the practice of department law out of theory. Taking the social effect of criminal law pedagogy as the starting point, the author maintains the standardization and authority of the viewpoint of criminal law pedagogy and logically refuted the criminal law in practice. This paper continues to use the ideal type of conceptual model in proposing and solving the doctrinal issues of the Criminal Law Amendment, and explores the practical application of concrete social theory in the field of law, in order to provide the value supplement of social theory law to doctrinal practice and contribute to the development of substantive and concrete social theory law.