盗用身份证件罪司法认定研究

Research on the Judicial Determination of the Crime of Identity Document Theft

盗用身份证件罪的保护法益应当采用复杂客体说,将本罪保护法益确立为身份证件的管理制度和个人身份信息安全法益更具合理性。对盗用身份证件罪中“情节严重”认定要先进行前提要件的判断,“依照国家规定”应当严格限缩在《刑法》第96条规定的范围之内、认定法定种类之外的其他身份证件需严格遵循同类解释的规则、明确“盗用”行为所指向的对象应当是对于身份证件的查验机构而言。盗用身份证件罪中“情节严重”认定标准的具体设置应当采取“数量 + 情节”模式,数量标准确立为盗用他人身份证件三张以上或者累计使用次数达到五次以上,情节标准作为数量标准之补充,行为人虽然未达到前述数量标准,但是具有所列举情节的,仍然构成本罪。

The protection of legal interests of the crime of identity document theft should adopt the theory of complex objects, and it is more reasonable to establish the protection of legal interests of this crime as the management system of identity documents and the legal interests of personal identity information security. The determination of “serious circumstances” in the crime of identity document theft should first be judged by the premise elements. In accordance with national regulations that should be strictly limited within the scope of Article 96 of the Criminal Law, the identification of other identity documents other than the statutory types should strictly follow the rules of similar interpretation, and it is clear that the object of “embezzlement” should be for the identification of identity inspection authorities. The specific setting of the identification standard of “serious circumstances” in the crime of identity document theft should adopt the “quantity + plot” mode;the quantity standard is established as the embezzlement of more than three identity cards of others or the cumulative use of more than five times;the plot standard is used as a supplement to the quantity standard;although the actor does not meet the aforementioned quantity standard, it still constitutes this crime if it has the enumerated circumstances.