人格化宠物的精神损害赔偿探究

An Exploration of Moral Damages for Personalised Pets

随着社会的发展,宠物在人们心中的地位越来越重要,甚至成为家庭成员。在民法中,宠物具有不同于普通事物的法律特征,其特殊性体现在宠物带来的个人利益上。当心爱的宠物被他人伤害或杀害时,宠物主人往往会经历精神上的痛苦,并起诉要求获得适当的非金钱赔偿。在实践中,对宠物死亡的非金钱赔偿越来越具有争议性,我们需要重新思考宠物的法律地位。谈到对宠物的赔偿,法院有时会在这类案件中得出非常不同的结果,主要是因为我们的立法没有规定对涉及动物的事故进行非金钱赔偿。立法的缺失导致这在中国的法学界是一个有争议的问题。对于宠物是否可以成为特定的精神支持或个人意义的对象,是否可以要求精神损害赔偿,以及在裁定精神损害赔偿时应考虑哪些因素,都存在分歧。基于现有的理论和文献,本文从保护主人身份的角度分析和解决了宠物人格物化的问题,并提出了人格化宠物的问题。

With the development of society, pets are becoming more and more important in people’s minds, even becoming family members. In civil law, pets have legal characteristics that are different from ordinary things, and their special characteristics are reflected in the personal benefits they bring. When a beloved pet is injured or killed by another person, pet owners often experience emotional distress and sue for appropriate non-pecuniary compensation. In practice, non-pecuniary compensation for the death of a pet is becoming increasingly controversial and we need to rethink the legal status of pets. When it comes to compensation for pets, the courts sometimes reach very different results in such cases, mainly because our legislation does not provide for non-pecuniary compensation for accidents involving animals. The lack of legislation has led to this being a controversial issue in Chinese jurisprudence. There is disagreement as to whether pets can be the object of specific moral support or personal meaning, whether moral damages can be claimed, and what factors should be taken into account when awarding moral damages. Based on the existing theory and literature, this article analyses and addresses the issue of the objectification of a pet’s personality from the perspective of protecting the owner’s identity and raises the issue of personified pets.