人工智能创作对著作权合理使用制度的冲击与应对

The Impact and Response of Artificial Intelligence Creation on the Fair Use System of Copyright

人工智能在创作过程中利用的是原数据资料的独创性表达,面对这一技术特征,我国合理使用规则的封闭式立法难以适用。人工智能创作在合理使用适用主体上,超出“个人使用”的规范意旨;在适用目的上,超出“科学研究”的目的性范畴;在适用行为上,超出“适当引用”的边界。比较域外立法的应对之策,结合我国立法实践,建议参考《日本著作权法》合理使用制度,在还未修改的《著作权法实施条例》中增设人工智能创作的专门例外规则:将适用主体范围放宽到所有为人工智能创作而获取和利用数据的企业和科研机构;适用目的放宽并限定在“提供新的知识和信息”范围内;适用行为囊括复制、改编、翻译、汇编及信息网络传播五种。

Artificial intelligence uses the original expression of original data in the process of creation. In the face of this technical feature, the closed legislation of fair use rules in China is difficult to apply. Artificial intelligence creation exceeds the normative intention of “personal use” in the rational use of the applicable subject;on the purpose of application, it is beyond the purpose of “scientific research”;in terms of applicable behavior, it exceeds the boundary of “appropriate reference”. Comparing the countermeasures of extraterritorial legislation and combining with China’s legislative practice, it is suggested to refer to the fair use system of “Japanese Copyright Law”, and add special exception rules for artificial intelligence creation in the unamended “Regulations on the Implementation of Copyright Law”: Relax the scope of applicable subjects to all enterprises and scientific research institutions that acquire and utilize data for artificial intelligence creation;the purpose of application is relaxed and limited to “providing new knowledge and information”;the applicable behaviors include copying, adaptation, translation, compilation and information network dissemination.