比较法视野下负有照护职责人员性侵行为主体的研究

Research on Subject of the Crime for Sexual Assault by Person with Care Responsibilities from the Perspective of Comparative Law

研究负有照护职责人员性侵行为主体可以借鉴大陆法系地区、国家近似罪名的立法例。我国澳门地区的“对受教育者及信赖者之性侵犯罪”规定的行为主体情形虽然比较简单,但是在要求行为主体是否“滥用职务或职位”上有独特的规定。我国台湾地区的“利用权势机会性交罪”规定的行为主体情形非常详尽,涉及了“训练”、“公务、职务”等未被我国《刑法》所确定的特殊职责。德国的“性侵受照护人罪”规定的行为主体自成一套围绕实质特征的核心突出、外延明晰的认定体系,全面规制了性侵受照护人行为主体的各种情形。日本的“监护人性交罪”突出实质特征“负有监护职责”、“利用影响力”,能够以单一简洁的罪状规制复杂多样的情形。解释我国《刑法》中的负有照护职责人员性侵行为主体,应当运用实质解释论的立场,基于加强未成年人司法保护的理念进行扩大解释。

The research on the subject of sexual assault by persons with care responsibilities can learn from the legislative examples of similar crimes in civil law regions and countries. Although the situation of the subject of the “crime of sexual assault against educated and trustees” in the Macao region of my country is relatively simple, there are unique regulations on whether the subject of the action is “abuse of position or position”. The “crime of taking advantage of power and opportunity for sexual intercourse” in the Taiwan region of our country stipulates very detailed behavior subjects, involving special duties such as “training”, “official duties, and duties” that have not been determined by the “Criminal Law” of our country. Germany’s “Sexual Assault on Caretakers” stipulates that the subject of the act has its own set of identification system with a prominent core and clear extension around the essential characteristics, which comprehensively regulates various situations of the subject of sexual assault on the caretaker. Japan’s “guardian sexual intercourse crime” highlights the substantive features of “carrying guardianship duties” and “using influence”, and can regulate complex and diverse situations with a single and concise crime. To interpret the subject of sexual assault by persons with care duties in my country’s “Criminal Law”, we should use the standpoint of substantive interpretation theory and expand the interpretation based on the concept of strengthening the judicial protection of minors.