碳中和目标下多元主体共治路径探析

Analysis on the Path of Multi Subject Co-Governance under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality

碳中和治理关乎公众生活、关涉企业发展、彰显国家担当,实现碳中和是一项统筹国内经济发展和全球气候变化协同共赢的重大战略,这意味着单一性环境主体治理体系无法满足碳中和目标的实现。以“政府主导”治理模式转向“政府–公众–企业多元共治”模式已然成为必由之路。在实现碳中和目标下,多元主体共治离不开协同治理理论,这也决定了碳中和目标下多元主体共治实践路径应遵循政府主导、企业担责、公众参与的“三位一体”的基本构造予以展开。我国已全面开启碳中和的历史进程,在此过程中,作为重要的减排主体——企业、消费者和政府在推动碳中和的进程中扮演着重要角色。在建设和完善“双碳”制度体系时,要充分发挥政府、市场以及社会多元主体作用,形成合力共同推进“双碳”目标达成。

Carbon neutral governance is related to public life, enterprise development and national responsibility. Carbon neutral governance is a major strategy to coordinate domestic economic development and global climate change. Its attribute is the governance of social public affairs, which means that the governance system of a single environmental subject cannot meet the goal of carbon neutral. It has become the only way to shift from “government-led” governance mode to “government-public-enterprise pluralistic co-governance” mode. Under the goal of carbon neutrality, multi-subject co-governance cannot be achieved without the theory of collaborative governance, which also determines that the practice path of multi-subject co-governance under the goal of carbon neutrality should follow the basic structure of the “trinity” of government leading, enterprises taking responsibility and public participation. China has started the historical process of carbon neutralization in an all-round way. In this process, enterprises, consumers and governments, as important emission reduction entities, play important roles in promoting carbon neutralization.