以不具有处分权的财产出资对善意取得规范之解释适用——以《公司法司法解释(三)》第7条第1款为中心

The Application and Interpretation of the Norm of Bona Fide Acquisition in the Circumstance of the Shareholder Finances the Company with Property That Doesn’t Have the Right of Disposition —Centering on Article 7(1) of the Judicial Interpretation of the Company Law (III)

股东以不具有处分权的财产向公司出资参照适用《民法典》善意取得制度有其实质正当性。公司内部的持续经营保护、其他股东的投资安全与外部债权人的交易安全保护构成了一种动态的利益体系。该动态的利益体系具有一致的目标,即通过外部交易使三方获益。在善意取得制度的具体适用上应进行目的性限缩,排除一人公司和国有独资、国有控股公司的适用。善意的主体应以公司其他股东、特定情况下由法定代表人为考察对象,在善意的界定上应区分不同标的性质采取不同的标准;股东实际拥有股权为公司支付的合理对价;对于遗失物,基于风险分配与所有权人权利保护的考量,股东出资上只可部分类推适用《民法典》第312条。

It is substantially justified for shareholders to contribute capital to the company with property that does not have the right of disposition, and the bona fide acquisition system of the Civil Code is applied by reference. The protection of consisting management within the company, the investment security of other shareholders and the transaction security of external creditors constitute a dynamic interest system. This dynamic interest system has the same goal of benefiting all three parties through external transactions. In the specific application of the bona fide acquisition system, a purposeful limitation should be carried out, excluding the application of one-person companies and wholly state-owned and state-controlled companies. The subject of good faith should be examined by other shareholders of the company and the legal representative under specific circumstances, and different standards should be adopted in the definition of good faith;The reasonable consideration paid by the shareholders for the actual ownership of the equity of the company;For lost property, based on the consideration of risk allocation and protection of the owner’s rights, Article 312 of the Civil Code can only be partially applied to the shareholders’ capital contribution.