知识产权质押中质权的实现问题研究

Research on the Implementation of Pledge Rights in Intellectual Property Pledge

《民法典》第444条对知识产权质权制度作出了框架性说明,知识产权质权人享有对出质人转让或者许可他人使用的同意权,并对出质人处分出质权利的行为予以限制。无论是质权人还是出质人都有维护在知识产权出质期间其交换价值的义务,但现行法律制度下,知识产权质权的实现除知识产权自身特性的障碍外,且囿于其实现参照动产质权实现的规则。为此,在《民法典》已正式实施的背景下,从实务进路出发,在办理统一登记实现知识产权的流转增值,合意选择知识产权的实现方式等方面克服知识产权质权的实现障碍。

Article 444 of the Civil Code provides a framework for the pledge system of intellectual property rights. The pledgee of intellectual property rights has the right to consent to the pledgor’s transfer or license to others, and restricts the pledgor’s disposition of the pledge right. Both the pledgee and the pledgor have the obligation to maintain the exchange value of intellectual property during the pledge period. However, under the current legal system, the realization of intellectual property pledge is not only the obstacle of intellectual property’s own characteristics, but also limited by the rules for its realization with reference to the realization of chattel pledge. Therefore, under the background of the formal implementation of the Civil Code, starting from the practical approach, we should overcome the obstacles to the realization of intellectual property pledge in terms of unified registration to realize the circulation and appreciation of intellectual property rights and consensual choice of the realization mode of intellectual property rights.