实证主义视角下我国虚假诉讼犯罪防范路径探索

Exploration on the Prevention of False Litigation Crime in China from the Perspective of Positivism

基于实证分析的维度,可以将虚假诉讼犯罪类型分为串通型虚假诉讼与欺诈型虚假诉讼,其典型表现形式主要有“虚假起诉、恶意调解、虚假支付令”三种。当前虚假诉讼犯罪防范困境主要有“立法缺失、司法审查制度的不严格、检察监督的不到位以及对受害人自我救济权利保障的不充分”。为化解上述困境,进一步完善虚假诉讼犯罪防范路径,首先,应当在立法层面完善非诉督促程序规则、增强调解程序性规制、完善追究刑事责任程序立法;其次,应当建立“立案、审理、执行”全程序覆盖的民事诉讼立体防护体系;再者,应当从及时提出抗诉与检察建议、加强对当事人申诉权保障维度加强检察机关的监督;最后,还应当从保障受害人参与权、撤销权、侵权损害赔偿请求权角度保障受害人的自我救济途径。

Based on the dimension of empirical analysis, the crime types of false litigation can be divided into colluding false litigation and fraudulent false litigation, and their typical manifestations mainly include three forms: “false prosecution, malicious mediation and false payment order”. At present, the prevention dilemma of false litigation crime mainly includes “lack of legislation, lax judicial review system, inadequate procuratorial supervision and inadequate protection of the victims’ self-relief rights”. To solve the above difficulties and further improve the path of crime prevention in false litigation, firstly, we should improve the procedural rules of non-litigation supervision, strengthen the procedural regulation of mediation and improve the legislation of criminal responsibility investigation. Secondly, we should establish a three-dimensional protection system for civil litigation covering the whole process of “filing, hearing and execution”. Furthermore, the supervision of procuratorial organs should be strengthened from the aspects of timely protest and procuratorial suggestions and strengthening the protection of the parties’ right to appeal. Finally, we should also protect the victim’s self-relief way from the perspective of protecting the victim’s right to participate, the right to cancel and the right to claim compensation for infringement damage.