盗窃罪中数额认识错误问题研究

Study on the Problem of Misperception of the Amount in the Crime of Theft

由于主观认识的差异,人们的认识与刑法分则所设定的量化指标(如数额较大、数额巨大、数额特别巨大等)并不完全一致,不乏行为人对盗窃财物的数额存在错误认识的案例。“数额较大”是盗窃罪的构成要件要素,行为人对此必须有认识,否则不符合主客观相统一的原则;如果没有认识到,则应阻却故意的成立。同理,对于盗窃罪的加重犯罪构成,也要求行为人主观上对“数额巨大”、“数额特别巨大”有认识。判断行为人是否存在认识错误,可以根据“行为人所属的外行人领域的平行评价”理论,从主客观方面进行分析。在盗窃行为中对数额认识错误的案件该如何处理,应从低估财物价值的情况与高估财物价值的情况分类讨论、具体分析。

Due to the difference in subjective understanding, people’s understanding is not completely consistent with the quantitative indicators set by the criminal law sub-rules (such as large amount, huge amount, particularly huge amount, etc.), and there are many cases in which the perpetrator has a wrong understanding of the amount of stolen property. “A large amount” is an essential element of the crime of theft, and the perpetrator must have an understanding of this, otherwise it does not conform to the principle of unity of subjectivity and objectivity;If it is not recognized, it should be prevented from being intentional. Similarly, for the aggravating crime of theft, the perpetrator is also required to subjectively have an understanding of “huge amount” and “exceptionally large amount”. To judge whether the actor has a cognitive error, it can be analyzed from the subjective and objective aspects according to the theory of “parallel evaluation of the layman’s field to which the actor belongs”. How to deal with cases of misunderstanding of the amount in the theft should be discussed and analyzed in detail from the situation of underestimating the value of property and overestimating the value of property.