论民事虚假诉讼中案外第三人的权利保护

On the Protection of the Rights of the Third Party Outside the Case in Civil False Action

随着我国社会主义市场经济的快速发展,司法实践中出现了大量的民事虚假诉讼案件,此类案件主要存在于民商事领域的商业贸易往来纠纷中。虚假诉讼这一法律现象的出现,对社会公众信任体系、法院生效裁判权威及案外人第三人的合法权益都造成了一定的不良影响。我国现有的法律制度通过创设如第三人撤销之诉,案外人执行异议之诉等制度为案外第三人合法权益受损提供了程序救济的方式和途径。2015年修订的《刑法修正案(九)》首次将社会危害较为严重的民事虚假诉讼行为纳入刑法规制。但即便如此,案外第三人也很难通过法律创设的权利保护制度来维护自身的的合法权益。因此,鉴于民事虚假诉讼中案外第三人的权利保护不够充分,制度措施还不够完善,研究分析民事虚假诉讼的成因并提出解决办法就显得尤为必要,依法保护案外第三人的合法权益以体现法律的正当性、公正性,切实维护法院生效裁判的权威性和稳定性。

With the rapid development of China’s socialist market economy, a large number of civil false litiga-tion cases have appeared in judicial practice, which mainly exists in the commercial trade disputes in the field of civil and commercial affairs. The appearance of false litigation, a legal phenomenon, has a certain negative impact on the public trust system, the effective authority of the court and the legitimate rights and interests of the third party outside the case. The existing legal system of our country provides procedural remedies for the damage of the legal rights and interests of the third party by creating such systems as the action of the third party revocation and the action of the opposition to the execution of the case. The Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law, revised in 2015, for the first time included civil false litigation with serious social harm into the criminal law regulation. But even so, it is difficult for the third party outside the case to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests through the right protection system created by law. Therefore, in view of the insufficient protection of the rights of the third party outside the case in civil false litigation and the imperfect system measures, it is particularly necessary to study and analyze the causes of civil false litigation and propose solutions, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the third party out-side the case according to law to reflect the legitimacy and fairness of the law, and effectively maintain the authority and stability of the effective judgment of the court.