《反不正当竞争法》一般条款在企业数据爬取行为中的适用

Application of General Provisions of Anti Unfair Competition Law in Enterprise Data Crawling

企业数据中包含有不同的信息,有些可以通过《民法典》、《个人信息保护法》、《反不正当竞争法》、《刑法》的相关规定进行规制,而有些企业数据并不满足个人信息、商业秘密、专利权、著作权的相关特征,无法在上述法律中找到针对性的适用条款。企业数据爬取行为一方面可以促进数据价值的发挥,另一方面也常常会引发数据主体企业与数据爬取者之间的矛盾。在现有司法实践中,大多是通过《反不正当竞争法》的一般条款来进行规制。一般条款的模糊性使其具有较广的适用范围,但是也因其模糊性,造成司法实践过程中,法官因缺乏明确标准而获得过高的自由裁量权,不论对于数据主体企业权利的保护还是数据流通价值的发挥,都可能具有不同程度的伤害。因此,本文通过对《反不正当竞争法》一般条款相关司法案例的分析,探讨该条款在适用中存在的问题,进而提出完善建议。

Enterprise data contains different information, some of which can be regulated through the relevant provisions of Civil Code, Personal Information Protection Law, Anti Unfair Competition Law, and Criminal Law, while some enterprise data do not meet the relevant characteristics of personal information, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights, and cannot find targeted applicable provisions in the above laws. On the one hand, enterprise data crawling can enhance the value of data, on the other hand, it may lead to conflicts between data owners and data crawlers. In the existing judicial practice, most of the cases are regulated by the general provisions of Anti Unfair Competition Law. The ambiguity of general clauses gives them a wide scope of application, but it also leads to judges obtaining excessive discretion due to the lack of clear standards in judicial practice. Whether it is for the protection of data owners rights or the exercise of data circulation value, it may have varying degrees of harm. Therefore, through the analysis of the judicial cases related to the general provisions of Anti Unfair Competition Law, this paper discusses the problems existing in the application of the provisions, and then puts forward suggestions for improvement.