论商事登记中商主体资格与营业资格的合一与分离

On the Unification and Separation of Business Subject Qualification and Business Qualification in Commercial Registration

几十年来我国的商事登记制度进行了一系列的改革,先后经历了传统的证照合一阶段、先证后照阶段、先照后证阶段,实现了从“统一主义”立法模式向“相对分离主义”立法模式的转变。在商事登记制度的改革过程中,商主体资格与营业资格二者的关系也从统一转向不完全分离。但在实践中,商主体资格与营业资格部分分离的关系引起了一系列的问题,如监督主体与监管责任不清、营业执照功能错位、虚假登记现象泛滥等。以上的问题说明了现有的商事登记制度仅把商主体资格与营业资格做部分分离是不足以满足实践需要的,因此本文主张重新审视商主体资格与营业资格二者的关系,将商主体资格与营业资格做完全分离,并在实践中对商事登记制度进行改革,对不同的商主体进行登记的分流。

In recent decades, China’s commercial registration system has undergone a series of reforms, which has experienced the traditional stage of the unification of certificate and license, the stage of the first certificate, and the stage of the first license, and realized the transformation from the “unionist” legislative mode to the “relative separatism” legislative mode. In the process of reform of commercial registration system, the relationship between business qualification and business qualification has also changed from unity to incomplete separation. However, in practice, the separation of business qualification and business qualification has caused a series of problems, such as unclear supervision and regulatory responsibility, misalignment of business license functions, false registration phenomenon. The above problems show that the existing commercial registration system only partially separates the qualification of business subject from the business qualification is not enough to meet the practical needs. Therefore, this paper proposes to re-examine the relationship between the qualification of business subject and the business qualification, completely separate the qualification of business subject from the business qualification, and reform the commercial registration system in practice. The registration of different business entities is divided.