NFT数字作品交易中发行权用尽原则的适用

Research on Copyright Issues in NFT Digital Works Transaction

NFT (Non-Fungible Token),译为非同质化代币或非同质化通证,是一种基于区块链技术的,不可复制、无法篡改、不可分割的数字权益凭证,可以理解为一种去中心化的实物资产或数字资产的数字所有权证书。NFT数字作品满足民法典中虚拟财产和著作权法中作品独创性的要求,享有物权和版权的双重属性,NFT数字作品应纳入物权保护范围,可流入数字市场进行交易。但发行权能否适用于NFT交易的问题,一直未能在理论与实务界达成共识。学界的主流观点主张,发行权只适用于以有形载体的形式提供作品的行为,对于数字领域作品的传播则落入信息网络传播权的范畴。本文认为,NFT交易适用发行权用尽原则,NFT交易能够用发行权进行控制和保护,同时发行权用尽原则也应突破传统有形载体作品的限制,将其适用范畴扩展至数字作品交易领域,以满足NFT市场发展的需要与互联网的创新交易模式。

NFT (Non-Fungible Token), translated as non-homogeneous tokens or non-homogenized token, is a digital equity certificate that cannot be copied, tampered with and inseparable. It can be understood as a digital ownership certificate of decentralized physical assets or digital assets. NFT digital works meet the requirements of originality in the virtual property and copyright law, and can trade the real rights and copyright enjoyed by them. NFT digital works should be included in the scope of real rights protection and can flow into the digital market for trading. But the question of whether the issuing rights can be applied to NFT transactions, has not been able to reach a consensus in both the theoretical and practical circles. The mainstream view of the academic community holds that the distribution right only applies to the behavior of providing works in the form of tangible carrier, and the dissemination of works in the digital field falls into the category of information network transmission right. NFT transactions are applicable to the principle of exhaustion of issuing right, and NFT transactions can be included in the category of issuing right control. The principle of ex-haustion of issuing right should break through the boundary of traditional tangible carrier works, and expand its application scope to the field of digital work trading, so as to meet the needs of the development of NFT market and the innovative trading mode of the Internet.