民法典背景下我国居住权的司法适用研究与完善

Research and Improvement on the Judicial Application of Residency Rights in China under the Background of the Civil Code

居住权入典是我国《民法典》的一大亮点,赋予特定群体居住权益的物权性保障,对于实现人民住有所居具有重要意义,也是对司法实践和时代需求的积极回应。本文从裁判文书网中收录的居住权案例,分析居住权纠纷产生的深层原因,在公开的法律文书中归纳各类居住权案件的判决依据,从而探索司法实践中存在的居住权适用问题,如判决标准不统一,各地法院容易出现同案不同判的现象;居住权纠纷案件类型五花八门,现有居住权的相关法律条文不足以评判;并试从居住权制度的法律定位、居住权的设立、居住权的主体、居住权的客体、居住权人的权利义务、房产所有权人的权利义务以及居住权的消灭,探讨完善我国居住权制度,以期对居住权的科学理解和准确适用有所帮助,居住权制度进一步的续造和完善,还需对其展开更为系统、体系化的深入研究。

The incorporation of residential rights into the Civil Code of China is a major highlight, granting property rights protection to specific groups of residents, which is of great significance for achieving people’s housing and is also a positive response to judicial practice and the needs of the times. This article analyzes the deep-seated reasons for disputes over residential rights from the residential rights cases included in the Judgment Document Network, summarizes the judgment basis for various residential rights cases in public legal documents, and explores the application of residential rights in judicial practice. For example, if the judgment standards are not unified, courts in different regions are prone to the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case;there are various types of residential dispute cases, and the existing legal provisions related to residential rights are not sufficient to judge;and try to explore and improve China’s residential rights system from the legal positioning of the residential rights system, the establishment of residential rights, the subject and object of residential rights, the rights and obligations of residential rights holders, the rights and obligations of property owners, and the elimination of residential rights, in order to help with the scientific understanding and accurate application of residential rights. Further continuation and improvement of the residential rights system requires more systematic and in-depth research.