刑事诉讼专家辅助人法律地位研究及其完善

Research on the Legal Status of the Assistant of Criminal Procedure Experts and Its Improvement

2021年《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》第一百条与第一百零一条赋予有专门知识的人出具的报告和事故调查以刑事证据的地位,相较于旧的司法解释所规定的有专门知识的人的检验报告可以作为定罪量刑的参考,将“可以作为定罪量刑的参考”改为了“可以作为证据使用”。这说明具有专门的人的意见具有了证据的效力,但目前立法上还未明确其证据种类,于立法而言,专家辅助人制度的构建尚处于起步阶段,制度规则简略粗放,对专家辅助人的法律地位、所出具的意见的法律性质等问题立法上并未给予明确化,而专家辅助人的正确定位乃是夯实制度基础的第一步,只有明确了专家辅助人的法律地位,才能为专家辅助人制度的完善找到正确的出发点,使该制度在刑事审判中发挥出应有的作用。

In 2021, Articles 100 and 101 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China give reports and accident investigations issued by people with specialized knowledge the status of criminal evidence, and the test reports of people with specialized knowledge can be used as reference for conviction and sentencing, compared with the old judicial interpretation. Change “can be used as a reference for conviction and sentencing” to “can be used as evidence”. This shows that the opinions of specialized persons have the effect of evidence, but the types of evidence are not yet clear in the legislation. In terms of legislation, the establishment of the expert assistant system is still in its infancy, the system rules are simple and extensive, and the legal status of the expert assistant and the legal nature of the opinions issued by the legislation have not been clarified. The correct orientation of the expert assisting person is the first step to consolidate the foundation of the system. Only by clarifying the legal status of the expert assisting person can we find the right starting point for the perfection of the expert assisting person system and make the system play its due role in the criminal trial.