我国性同意年龄制度的缺陷及完善

Defects and Perfection of the Age System of Sexual Consent in China

《刑法修正案(十一)》新增“负有照护职责人员性侵罪”,随着该罪的设立,关于性同意年龄的争论一直在继续,本文认为该罪名并未提高我国的性同意年龄,我国性同意年龄仍为十四周岁。性同意年龄的提升是对未成年人保护有重要的意义,同时与我国的刑事责任年龄的下调不会产生矛盾。就目前我国性同意年龄制度除了设置的标准较低之外,还存在规定过简、特殊关系中相关规定缺失的缺陷,这些规定的缺陷致使我国性侵未成年人案件层出不穷,对未成年人的身心健康造成了难以弥补的伤害。为了最大限度地保护未成年人的性权益,减少未成年人遭受性侵害,结合我国司法实践,适当的提高我国的性同意年龄。同时,由于特殊关系具有亲密性,隐蔽性的特点,对处于特殊关系中的未成年人伤害也是难以估量的,因此对处于特殊照护关系中的未成年人的保护也应当是重点。实现未成年人平等保护,可以借鉴域外的立法经验,西方很多国家都将未成年男性纳入了保护范围,在每年性侵案件的比例中,未成年男性占据着较大比例,因此,在保护未成年女性的权利的同时也应当考虑未成年男性的身心健康,以实现对未成年人的全面保护。

The Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law has added the crime of “sexual assault by personnel responsible for care”. With the establishment of this crime, the debate about the age of sexual consent has continued. This article believes that this crime has not raised the age of sexual consent in China, and the age of sexual consent in China is still fourteen years old. The elevation of the age of sexual consent is of great significance to the protection of minors, and it will not contradict the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility in our country. At present, in addition to the low standard set by the age of sexual consent system in China, there are also defects of too simple regulations and the lack of relevant provisions in special relationships, which lead to the endless cases of sexual assault on minors in China, causing irreparable harm to the physical and mental health of minors. In order to protect the sexual rights and interests of minors to a maximum extent, reduce the sexual abuse of minors, and raise the age of sexual consent appropriately according to our country’s judicial practice. At the same time, due to the intimate and hidden characteristics of special relationships, the harm to minors in special relationships is also inestimable, so the protection of minors in special care relationships should also be the focus. To achieve equal protection of minors, we can learn from foreign legislative experience. Many western countries have included juvenile males in the scope of protection, and in the proportion of sexual assault cases every year, juvenile males account for a large proportion. Therefore, while protecting the rights of juvenile females, the physical and mental health of juvenile males should also be considered to achieve comprehensive protection of minors.