涉外标准必要专利纠纷中禁诉令适用的研究

Study on Application of Anti-Suit Injunction in Foreign Standard Essential Patent Disputes

在全球贸易一体化的背景下,随着跨国公司数量的增加和人们对知识产权的愈加重视,国际知识产权纠纷日益增多。在通讯领域,涉外标准必要专利纠纷的国际性与专利的地域性导致SEP平行诉讼案件在各国不断涌现,与此同时,禁诉令在国际社会中亦被频繁使用。虽我国现有法律为禁诉令的签发提供了宏观依据,但学者对此仍有疑虑,即未就禁诉令的适用依据达成共识。此外,在微观层面,禁诉令如何适用还有可细化及完善空间。通过对我国相关司法案例的梳理以及域外经验的考察,笔者认为,对于我国禁诉令签发的依据,可适用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第103条有关行为保全制度的规定。对于签发禁诉令的审查因素,我们应保持谨慎谦抑的态度,考察国际平行诉讼是否存在、本国法院是否有管辖权,再综合考量国外诉讼是否具有合理性、是否对本国公共利益有不利影响,最后运用国际礼让原则反思禁诉令签发是否具有必要性。

Under the background of global trade integration, with the increase of the number of multinational companies and people’s increasing attention to intellectual property, international intellectual property disputes are increasing. In the field of communication, the international nature of foreign standard essential patent disputes and the regional nature of patents have led to the emergence of parallel litigation cases of SEP in various countries, and the anti-suit injunction has been frequently used in international society. Although the existing laws in China provide the macro basis for the issuance of anti-suit injunctions, scholars still have doubts about it, that is, there is no consensus on the application basis of anti-suit injunctions. In addition, at the micro level, there is still room for refinement and improvement in the application of anti-suit injunctions. Based on the review of relevant judicial cases and foreign experience, the author believes that the provisions of the act preservation system in Article 103 of the “Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China” can be applied to the basis for the issuance of anti-suit injunctions. As for the review factors for issuing an anti-suit injunction, we should maintain a cautious and modest attitude, investigate whether international parallel litigation exists and whether domestic courts have jurisdiction, and then comprehensively consider whether foreign lawsuits are reasonable and have adverse effects on domestic public interests. Finally, we should apply the principle of international comity to reflect on whether it is necessary to issue an anti-suit injunction.