海洋环境污染若干法律问题研究——以海南省海口市人民检察院诉海南A公司等三被告非法向海洋倾倒建筑垃圾民事公益诉讼等案为例

Research on Some Legal Issues of Marine En-vironmental Pollution—Taking Haikou City People’s Procuratorate of Hainan Province v. Hainan Company A and Other Three Defendants in the Civil Public Interest Litigation Case of Illegally Dumping Construction Waste into the Sea as an Example

海洋的广阔面积和陆上河流湖泊交壤使得海洋生态环境质量受污面广,对于海洋污染防治需要多部门联动,无论是陆源污染还是船舶排污,污染责任人需承担民事责任。在海洋环境公益诉讼中,海洋环境监督管理部门可提诉讼,社会组织不具有适格原告资格,海洋环境公益诉讼的专业性会将社会组织拒之门外,一定程度上窄化了对海洋污染行为的监督,某种程度上来说不利于海洋污染防治工作更好开展,而盲目扩大适格原告范围也会衍生出诸多问题。海事赔偿责任限制在一定程度上减轻了责任人的赔偿负担,我国现行相关制度也在发挥其重大作用。

The vast area of the ocean and the interlocked with rivers and lakes on land make the Marine ecological environment quality suffer from a wide range of pollution. For Marine pollution prevention and control, multi-sectoral linkage is needed. Whether it is land-based pollution or ship discharge, the pollution responsible person needs to bear civil liability. In Marine environmental public interest litigation, Marine environmental supervision and management departments can bring lawsuits, social organizations are not qualified as plaintiffs, and the professionalism of Marine environmental public interest litigation will exclude social organizations, narrow the supervision of Marine pollution behavior to a certain extent, and to some extent, it is not conducive to the better development of Marine pollution prevention and control work. And blindly expanding the scope of qualified plaintiffs will also give rise to many problems. The Limitation of liability for maritime claims reduces the burden of compensation of the responsible person to a certain extent, and the relevant system in our country is also playing an important role.