从二创短视频案思考适当引用的司法认定标准

Consideration on the Judicial Determination Standards of Appropriate Citation from the Case of Second-Creation Short Video

随着互联网技术的发展,短视频市场兴盛与繁荣,越来越多的主体借助网络平台以制作短视频的形式表达自己的创意,其中有的短视频因其具备自身独创性而构成著作权法意义上的作品。然而,也有不少作品系借用在先作品的已有元素进行二次创作,从而引发侵权纠纷。如何判断二创作品是否侵权,涉及到著作权法中对于适当引用标准的认定。本文以新创华诉被告知识产权纠纷一案为例,首先围绕适当引用的判断条件提出问题,其次从美国合理使用四要素规则和德国稀释理论的域外视角进行比较分析,最后通过二创引用行为的认定基准与二创作品的市场利益边界两个方面给出了相关司法认定标准的建议。

With the development of Internet technology, the short video market is booming and prospering, and more and more subjects express their own creativity by making short videos on the Internet platform. Some of the short videos constitute works in the sense of copyright law because of their originality. However, there are also many works that borrow the existing elements of the previous works for secondary creation, thus causing infringement disputes. How to judge whether the second-creation works are infringed involves the identification of the appropriate citation standards in the copyright law. Taking the case of intellectual property dispute between Xinchuanghua and the defendant as an example, this paper firstly raises questions around the judgment conditions of appropriate citation, and then makes a comparative analysis from the extraterritorial perspective of the four elements of the American fair use rule and the German dilution theory. Finally, it gives suggestions on the relevant judicial identification standards through the identification benchmark of the second-creation citation behavior and the market interest boundary of the second-creation works.