浅析物权登记的效力

A Brief Analysis of the Effectiveness of Prop-erty Rights Registration

本文主要对物权登记的效力进行了探析,首先从历史角度进行了考察,对国内外的立法模式对比研究、追根溯源。随后,根据物的类别可划分为不动产和动产,分别研究了二者登记的效力问题。再后,结合理论和实践中积累的经验,分别从不动产和动产的角度提出了当前物权登记存在的问题。不动产方面,登记形式多样化而登记制度单一化、缺乏能为其提供保障的程序且核心不够明确;动产方面,动产抵押权由于其存在登记上的差异而导致种类各异的风险存在、浮动抵押权也存在自身的设计缺陷。最后,汲取国内外优秀立法做法及实践范例中的经验教训,对前述存在的问题提出了针对性解决策略。不动产方面,可采取扩大不动产物权的权限范围、改变轻视不动产登记簿而重视权属证书的现象与制定不动产登记法的方法;动产方面,可尝试严格按照法律法规办事、加强保护动产所有者权益并对被抵押的资产进行恰当的扩展的策略。

This paper mainly explores the effectiveness of property rights registration, starting with a historical examination to trace the legislative development and origins of property rights registration in China and abroad. Then, according to the types of property, real estate and personal property registration, each is analyzed respectively. Based on accumulated theoretical and practical experience, the current problems of property rights registration in relation to real estate and personal property are discussed. For real estate, the diverse registration forms contrast with the centralized registra-tion system, and there is a lack of clear guarantee procedures and core protocols. For personal property, due to differences in registration methods, there exist varied risks among movable property mortgages, and the design of floating mortgages has defects. Finally, drawing on the experiences of international and domestic legislative practices and exemplary practices, targeted strategies are proposed to address the above-mentioned problems. In terms of real estate, strategies to expand the scope of real estate property rights, shift the focus of importance from property certificates to registration records, and develop a comprehensive real estate registration law are suggested. In terms of personal property, it is suggested to strictly adhere to regulations, enhance the protection of personal property owners’ rights, and appropriately expand asset protection strategy for the subject of mortgage.