含油气盆地地层不整合研究现状及进展

Research Status and Advances of Unconformities in Petroliferous Basins

随着研究程度不断提高,油气勘探向着复杂条件不断扩展,与不整合面有关的常规油气藏和隐蔽油气藏作为油气勘探的主要领域,显示出广阔的勘探前景,同时也对不整合相关理论和应用的研究提出了更高的要求。目前,国内外关于含油气盆地中不整合的研究处于相对快速发展的阶段,初步形成了利用各种资料综合研究的理论和方法,但是受限于实际研究区的地质条件和认识程度,关于不整合的研究工作缺乏系统性和普适性,在一定程度上限制了研究成果的应用和推广。本文在查阅国内外相关领域研究成果的基础上,概述了含油气盆地不整合的发展历程、类型划分方案并对其进行了归类;归纳了不整合在几何形态、空间位置和时间延续等方面的变化特点,分析了不整合的基本特征及其空间展布规律;初步总结了不整合等级划分依据及其所代表的构造内涵;最后探讨了不同盆地类型和地质条件下不整合的形成机制及其控制因素,提出了实际工作中需要综合各方面资料确定不整合成因的建议。

As the expanding of oil and gas exploration in complex conditions, conventional reservoirs and subtle reservoirs which were related to unconformities had became the major exploration targets. That not only shows a wide exploration prospects, but also puts forward higher requirements for the related theories and applications of unconformities. At present, the studies of unconformities in petroliferous basins are at the relatively rapid development stage, and many theories and methods of comprehensive studies have initially formed. However, owning to actual geological conditions and the cognition degree of different study areas, the research works about unconformities are often lacking of systematicness and universality. In other words, it limits the application and popularization of the research achievements about unconformities. On the basis of literatures studies both at home and abroad, 1) this paper describes the development history and the type of unconformities in petroliferous basins, and carries on its classification;2) summarizes the unconformities characteristics in geometry, spatial location and time, and analyzes the basic characteristics of unconformities and its space distribution;3) analyzes the levels of unconformities in the light of the tectonic connotation and its performances;4) finally, this paper discusses the formation mechanism and its control factors of unconformities in different types of basins and geological conditions, and considers that analyzing unconformities in the actual work needs com-prehensive determination of its genesis.