洞穴鸟类的繁殖生物学研究

Reproductive Biology of Cavity-Nesting Birds

鸟类繁殖生物学知识是研究鸟类生活史理论的重要基石。也是许多野外鸟类学家十分感兴趣的方面。穴居鸟类是良好的生态测试物种,通过研究发现与开放筑巢的鸟类相比穴居鸟类有许多优势:1) 有较低的巢捕食率(但成鸟频繁回巢也会增加风险),并且拥有较长的发育期,因此穴居鸟类比开放筑巢的鸟类的窝卵数更多;2) 洞穴巢室具有保温性能好、捕食风险低、筑巢成功率高等优点。3) 挖洞物种在挖洞过程中投入的能量与窝卵数成反比。4) 与挖掘习性相比,窝卵数可能与成鸟死亡率有着更直接的关系。其中穴居鸟类可以分为初级巢和次级巢鸟类,两种筑巢类型的鸟在筑巢成功率、窝大小、成鸟存活率等重要生活史特征上也存在一定的差异。

The knowledge of bird reproductive biology is the building blocks of the theory of avian life history.It is also an area of great interest to many field ornithologists.Cavity-nesting birds are good ecologi-cal test species.The study suggests that cavity-nesters have many advantages over open-nesters:1)They have a lower rate of nest predation(but frequent return of adult birds also increases the risk)and have a longer development period,so cavity-nesters have bigger clutch size than open nester;2)the cavity chamber has good insulation performance,low risk of predation,nesting success rate is high.3)The energy input of excavators in the process of excavating is inversely proportional to the clutch size.4)The number of clutch size may be more directly related to adult mortality than exca-vators.The cavity-nesting birds can be divided into primary nest birds and secondary nest birds,and different species also have certain differences in nesting success rate,clutch size,survival rate of adult birds and other important life history characteristics.