2021年5月29~30日乌鲁木齐机场雷暴天气分析

Thunderstorm Weather Analysis of Urumqi Airport from May 29 to 30, 2021

针对2021年5月29~30日发生在乌鲁木齐国际机场的一次雷雨天气,利用常规观测资、FNL再分析资料、多普勒雷达以及机场跑道自动观测系统(AWOS)采集的实时观测资料,对此次天气发生的环流背景、热力及动力条件、水汽条件等进行分析,得出以下结论:1) 此次雷暴过程前,本场温度较高,当有弱短波活动带来弱冷空气活动时,冷暖空气交汇,为天气的发生提供大量不稳定能量;2) 雷暴天气发生时,乌鲁木齐机场跑道两端出现了短暂的风向风速不连续,形成了水平风切变;3) 500~850 hPa三层均为西北气流控制,多短波活动。低层沿天山北坡一带有偏北风,结合地形特点,利于上升运动;4) 乌鲁木齐南部山区为强的水汽辐合中心,为此次雷雨天气提供良好的水汽条件;5) 此次本场雷暴持续较长时间的原因主要是因为不断有新的对流云团生成。

In view of a thunderstorm at Urumqi International Airport from May 29 to 30, 2021, the circulation background, thermal and dynamic conditions and water vapor conditions of the weather are analyzed by using conventional observation data, FNL reanalysis data, Doppler radar and real-time observation data collected by the airport runway automatic observation system, and the following conclusions are drawn: 1) Before the thunderstorm process, the temperature in this field was high. When there was weak short wave activity and weak cold air activity, the cold and warm air converged, providing a lot of unstable energy for the occurrence of the weather;2) During the thunderstorm, there was a short wind direction and wind speed discontinuity at both ends of the runway of Urumqi Airport, forming a horizontal wind shear;3) The three floors of 500~850 hpa are controlled by Northwest air flow, with multi-short wave activities. The lower layer has northerly wind along the north slope of Tianshan Mountain, which is conducive to upward movement in combination with topographic characteristics;4) The southern mountainous area of Urumqi is a strong water vapor convergence center, which provides good water vapor conditions for the thunderstorm;5) The reason why the thunderstorm lasted for a long time was mainly due to the continuous formation of new convective clouds.