哈尔滨市城市热岛和局部气候区的构建研究

Study on the Construction of Urban Heat Island and Local Climate Zone in Harbin

对哈尔滨市主城区从热岛效应和局部气候区角度出发,构建了哈尔滨市主城区的热岛效应和局部气候区图像,并进行分析。其结果有助于更好更精准地为缓解城市热岛效应提供科学依据和实践指导。结果表明:(1) 哈尔滨市热岛效应主要集中在中部地区,松花江以南。(2) 局部气候区(LCZ)研究表明,LCZ中LCZD占比最高,建筑类型的分布主要集中在城区。LCZA和LCZB在城市之间交叉分布,LCZG主要以贯穿城市的松花江为主。(3) LCZ中的建筑类型是主要构成热岛效应的原因,大规模的人工建设、密集建筑都会产生城市热岛效应,而绿地和水体等自然要素能减缓城市热岛效应。需增加绿化覆盖面积、改善建筑材料和结构、推广节能减排技术等,以降低城市的热岛效应,保护城市环境,提高城市居民的生活质量。From the perspective of heat island effect and local climate zone, the image of heat island effect and local climate zone in Harbin city is constructed and analyzed. The results are helpful to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for alleviating urban heat island effect better and more accurately. The results show that: (1) The heat island effect in Harbin is mainly concentrated in the central area, south of Songhua River. (2) The study of local climate zone (LCZ) shows that LCZD accounts for the highest proportion in LCZ, and the distribution of building types is mainly concentrated in urban areas. LCZA and LCZB are distributed across cities, and LCZG is mainly the Songhua River that runs through the city. (3) The building type in LCZ is the main reason for the urban heat island effect. Large-scale artificial construction and dense buildings will produce the urban heat island effect, while natural elements such as green space and water body can slow down the urban heat island effect. It is necessary to increase the green coverage area, improve building materials and structures, and popularize energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, so as to reduce the urban heat island effect, protect the urban environment and improve the quality of life of urban residents.