新加坡组屋建设对深圳经验及其启示

The Experience of HDB Housing Construction in Singapore and Its Enlightenment to Shenzhen

住房是人类生存、发展和享受的基本要求之一,是关乎社会稳定大局的民生问题,也是发展问题。如何解决中低收入家庭的住房问题是世界上众多政府都会面临的一个挑战,也是当今我国从中央到地方各级政府的工作重点之一。本文引入保障性住房概念并围绕目前深圳市保障性住房供小于求、住房品质有待提升等问题深入研究,为未来深圳市发展保障性住房提供可行性建议。研究内容具体如下:梳理目前深圳市保障性住房现状和困境,随着住房保障体系不断完善,多角度突破住房难困境,深圳住房市场取得了显著的效果,形成了廉租住房、公共租赁住房、经济适用房、安居型商品房以及货币补贴等多层次住房体系。与此同时,也存在着保障性住房供给跟不上人们的住房需求、供给效率面临现实挑战和供给品质不平衡问题。新加坡组屋制度作为国际公认的政府保障性住房政策成功实施的典范,从法律、土地、财政等政策多渠道保障“居者有其屋”政策落地,量力而行、循序渐进地为不同人群提供不同住房;同时从以人为本角度出发,小区建设满足尽可能满足人们的基本生活需求。其成功经验为解决我国一线城市住房困难问题提供一些有益借鉴。参考新加坡成功经验,结合本地情况,深圳作为改革先行者,政府应化被动为主动,将住房政策作为民生政策解决;同时应全力而为,整合土地资源,保障对象重点以贡献群体为主导,兼顾老弱病残幼;改善人居条件为目的,实现居民需求的统筹共享。然而,保障性住房的建设是一个非常复杂的问题,本文主要基于供应视角来进行研究,对于其它因素考虑较少,存在一定的局限性。在未来研究中应更多考虑保障性住房建设局限因素和实际需求,以实现住房保障的改革目标。

Housing is one of the basic requirements for human survival, development and enjoyment, and is a people’s livelihood issue related to the overall situation of social stability, as well as a development issue. How to solve the housing problem of low- and middle-income families is a challenge faced by many governments in the world, and it is also one of the priorities of governments at all levels from the central to the local level in China. This paper introduces the concept of affordable housing and conducts in-depth research on the current problems of under-supply of affordable housing in Shenzhen and the need to improve housing quality, so as to provide feasible suggestions for the development of affordable housing in Shenzhen in the future. The specific content of the research is as follows: combing the current situation and dilemma of affordable housing in Shenzhen, with the continuous improvement of the housing security system and breaking through the housing dilemma from multiple angles, the housing market in Shenzhen has achieved remarkable results, forming a multi-level housing system such as low-cost housing, public rental housing, affordable housing, secure commercial housing and monetary subsidies. At the same time, there are also problems that the supply of affordable housing cannot keep up with people’s housing demand, the supply efficiency faces practical challenges and the supply quality is unbalanced. As an internationally recognized model of successful implementation of the government’s affordable housing policy, Singapore’s HDB system ensures the implementation of the “home ownership” policy from legal, land, fiscal and other channels, and provides different housing for different groups of people in an orderly and gradual manner. At the same time, from the perspective of people-oriented, the construction of the community meets the basic living needs of people as much as possible. Its successful experience provides some useful references for solving the housing difficulties in China’s first-tier cities. Referring to Singapore’s successful experience, combined with the local situation, Shenzhen, as a pioneer in reform, the government should turn passive into active and solve the housing policy as a people’s livelihood policy;At the same time, we should make every effort to integrate land resources, focus on contributing groups, and take into account the elderly, weak, sick and disabled;The purpose is to improve living conditions and realize the overall planning and sharing of residents’ needs. However, the construction of affordable housing is a very complex issue, and this paper is mainly based on the perspective of supply, and there are some limitations for other factors. In future research, more consideration should be given to the limitations and actual needs of affordable housing construction to achieve the reform goal of housing security.