个体、社会和家庭对居家养老服务需求的影响程度比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Impact of Individuals, Society, and Families on the Demand for Home-Based Elderly Care Services

个体因素、社会因素和家庭因素是影响居家养老服务需求的主要类别,具体影响因素及影响程度的比较值得研究,本文基于2011、2014、2018年的中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据(CLHLS)年的同一批次的老年群体样本量,选择PCA分析方法(即主成分分析),对居家养老服务需求的稳定程度和集聚程度进行探索,从而对影响养老服务需求的具体因素进行归类和排序。具体来说个体层面的健康程度和自理能力、社会层面的社区服务供给以及家庭层面的配偶照护和家庭经济都是重要性较强的影响类别。影响类别的凸显证明了养老服务需求评估、建设长护险制度以及鼓励多元主体参与养老服务的重要性。

Individual factors, social factors, and family factors are the main categories that affect the demand for home-based elderly care services. The comparison of specific influencing factors and their degree of influence is worth studying. This article is based on the sample size of the same batch of elderly population from the China Elderly Health Impact Factor Tracking Survey (CLHLS) data in 2011, 2014, and 2018, and selects PCA analysis method (i.e. principal component analysis), explore the stability and concentration of demand for home based elderly care services, in order to classify and rank the specific factors that affect the demand for elderly care services. Specifically, the level of health and self-care ability at the individual level, community service supply at the social level, and spouse care and family economy at the family level are all important impact categories. The highlighting of impact categories demonstrates the importance of assessing the demand for elderly care services, establishing a long-term care insurance system, and encouraging diverse entities to participate in elderly care services.