中国农业现代化水平测度及空间分异特征研究

Measurement of Agricultural Modernization Level and Study on Spatial Differentiation Characteristics in China

为了深入了解中国及各省区市农业现代化发展水平,首先,从农业结构、农业生产、农业经营、农业治理和农村生活等五个维度构建农业现代化评价指标体系,运用熵权法和线性加权对中国以及31个省区市农业现代化水平进行测度并量化,结果显示中国和各地区2000~2021年的农业现代化水平变化总体呈现上升的趋势。其次,利用LISA聚类地图,考察了中国农业现代化水平的空间集聚特征。同时,利用莫兰指数对空间相关性进行了实证检验,结果表明中国在农业现代化水平上的空间自相关性在增强。最后,将31个省区市按照五个一级指标对农业现代化发展类型进行分类,从纵向角度将农业现代化划分为渐趋失衡型、结构维持型以及渐趋均衡性;从横向角度将农业现代化划分为结构引领型、生产引领型、经营引领型、治理引领型、生活引领型以及综合发展型,通过实证研究和分析,全面剖析中国农业现代化发展的现状和问题、区域差异和各地区的突出优势与短板,并提出可行性建议。

To deeply understand the development level of agricultural modernization in China and the regions, firstly, the evaluation index system of agricultural modernization was constructed from the five dimensions of agricultural structure, agricultural production, agricultural management, agricultural governance and rural life. The entropy weight method and linear weighting were used to measure and quantify the agricultural modernization level of China and 31 regions. The results show that the change of agricultural modernization level in China and all regions from 2000 to 2021 presents an increasing trend. Secondly, LISA cluster map was used to investigate the spatial agglomeration characteristics of agricultural modernization level in China. At the same time, Moreland index is used to test the spatial correlation. The results show that the spatial autocorrelation is increasing in China’s agricultural modernization level. Finally, the agricultural modernization development types of 31 regions were classified according to five first-level indicators, and the agricultural modernization was divided into gradually unbalance type, structure maintenance type and gradually equilibrium type from the vertical perspective. From the horizontal perspective, agricultural modernization is divided into structural leading type, production leading type, management leading type, governance leading type, life leading type and comprehensive development type. Through empirical research and analysis, the current situation and problems, regional differences and prominent advantages and weaknesses of China’s agricultural modernization development are comprehensively analyzed, and feasible suggestions are put forward.