浅谈人民币汇率变动对我国进出口行业的影响

Discussion on the Influence of RMB Exchange Rate Change on China’s Import and Export Industry

作为驱动经济发展的三驾马车之一,进出口贸易对于我国国民收入的重要性不言而喻。以我国沿海地带为代表的中小型外贸企业为我国社会就业及创新驱动方面贡献了不小的力量。近年来,随着我国综合国力的不断增强,国际进出口业务占全球市场的比重日逐新高,中国对于全球金融市场的影响力也随之加深,人民币国际化的进程也日趋加快,汇率的波动直接决定着对中小型外贸企业相关经营决策的制定及实施。研究影响人民币汇率变动的相关因素向来是国内学者的一个重要课题,有助于帮助我国进出口外贸企业提前预测相关风险,及时应对汇率变动所造成的不良影响,及有效预防相关风险的发生,进一步保障我国实体经济稳定发展,对于社会就业的影响也意义匪浅。本文以古今中外学者对于汇率波动、外汇风险的研究为基础,通过梳理典型的外贸公司运转流程,揭示人民币的汇率波动对我国中小型外贸企业日常经营活动所造成的影响,分析并总结了如何有效防范外汇风险及企业内部处理相关问题时采取的相关措施,以尽可能减少因汇率波动产生的不良影响,从而保障企业健康可持续的稳定发展。

As one of the troikas driving economic development, the importance of import and export trade to China’s national income is self-evident. Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises represented by China’s coastal zone have contributed a lot to China’s social employment and innovation drive. In recent years, with the continuous enhancement of China’s comprehensive national strength, the proportion of international import and export business in the global market has been increasing day by day, China’s influence on the global financial market has also deepened, the process of RMB internationalization has been accelerating day by day, and the fluctua-tion of exchange rate directly determines the formulation and implementation of relevant business decisions for small and mediumsized foreign trade enterprises. The study of the relevant factors affecting the changes in the RMB exchange rate has always been an important topic in the domestic education system, which is helpful to help China’s import and export foreign trade enterprises predict the relevant risks in advance, respond to the adverse effects caused by exchange rate changes in a timely manner, and effectively prevent the occurrence of related risks, so as to further ensure the stable development of China's real economy, and the impact on social employment is also of great significance. Based on the research on exchange rate fluctuations and foreign exchange risks by ancient and modern Chinese and foreign scholars, this paper reveals the impact of RMB exchange rate fluctuations on the daily business activities of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in China by combing the operation process of typical foreign trade companies, and analyzes and summarizes how to effectively prevent foreign exchange risks and the relevant measures taken by enterprises to deal with related issues internally, so as to minimize the adverse impact caused by exchange rate fluctuations and ensure the healthy, sustainable and stable development of enterprises.