枇杷叶化学成分与药理作用研究进展

Advances in Studies on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Loquat Leaves

枇杷叶为蔷薇科植物枇杷的干燥叶,是我国传统常用中药,收载于历版药典中供临床使用,在肺胃病的临床治疗颇多。随着科学研究的不断深入,枇杷叶的来源、鉴别手段、成分分析和药理作用等被逐步揭示。通过气相色谱–质谱联用的分析方法等技术手段,可鉴别分离枇杷叶中挥发油、三萜酸、倍半萜类、黄酮类化合物、多酚类、有机酸类等有效成分。研究表明,枇杷叶具有抗炎、抗氧化、降血糖、止咳祛痰、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、保肝等药理作用。笔者通过梳理相关医籍以及文献,根据枇杷叶的来源、与混淆物石楠叶的鉴别、化学成分分析和药理作用的研究进展进行归纳总结,对枇杷叶化学成分与药理作用进行综述,以期为枇杷叶的开发使用、临床应用提供参考。

Loquat leaf is the dry leaf of Rosaceae loquat, which is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in our country. With the development of scientific research, the source, identification, composition analysis and pharmacological action of loquat leaf have been revealed gradually. By means of analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it can be used to separate essential oil, triterpene acid, sesquiterpene, flavonoid, polyphenols and organic acids from loquat leaves. The results show that loquat leaf has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic, anti-tussive and expectorant, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and antiviral, liver-protective and other pharmacological effects. By combing relevant medical books and literatures, the author summarized the research progress of loquat leaf, identification, chemical composition analysis and pharmacological action of Photinia leaf, reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of loquat leaf in order to provide references for the development and clinical application of loquat leaf.