我国废水中主要污染物排放情况分析

Analysis on the Discharge of Main Pollutants from Wastewater in China

生命最初诞生在水中,水是生命的基础物质之一,是维持生命所不可缺少的,也是我们生活中所不可缺少的物质。我国正面临水资源短缺,水体污染严重等问题,我们必须认识到保护水资源、防治水污染的重要性,更要认识到保护水环境是全人类神圣和义不容辞的责任。本文搜集了2016年全国31个省、自治区、直辖市的水污染排放情况并运用SPSS软件和R语言进行了分析,主要污染物有12个指标,化学需氧量,氨氮,总氮,总磷,石油类,挥发酵,铅,汞,镉,六价铬,铬,砷。首先对12个指标做相关性分析,发现变量之间存在很强的相关性,考虑采取降维的方法对数据进行处理,将12个指标用主成分法根据相关性提取出3个主成分,然后将31个省、自治区、直辖市进行聚类分析,根据系统聚类法原则将31个地区分为4类,根据每一类的地区特点分析污染物来源,最后对我国水污染现状提出了相应的治理措施。

Life was originally born in the water. Water is one of the basic life-sustaining substances that are indispensable to life and are indispensable to our life. Our country is experiencing the problems of water shortage and serious water pollution. We must recognize the importance of protecting water resources and preventing and controlling water pollution. We must also recognize that protecting the water environment is sacrosanct and obligatory responsibility for mankind. This paper collects the water pollution discharges in 31 major areas in China in 2016 and analyzes them using SPSS software and R language. The main pollutants include 12 indicators of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, petroleum, Fermented fermentation, lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, chromium, arsenic. Firstly, the correlation analysis was made on 12 indicators, and it was found that there was a strong correlation between variables. Considering the method of dimension reduction to process the data, 12 principal components were used to extract the 3 principal components according to relevance, then cluster analysis of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Based on the principle of systematic clustering, 31 regions are divided into 4 categories. According to the characteristics of each type of region, the sources of pollutants are analyzed. Finally, the corre-sponding control measures are put forward for the current situation of water pollution in China.