“健康中国”背景下基于山东省青岛市、济宁市居民运动健康情况的调查研究

Under the Background of “Healthy China”, the Investigation and Research on the Sports Health of Residents in Qingdao City and Jining City, Shandong Province

2016年中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》提出建设健康中国的战略主题“共建共享、全民健康”,三年的疫情防控,使越来越多的人意识到强身健体,定期运动的必要性。然而,全民健身尚未普及,健康中国建设仍面临多重挑战。经查阅大量有关全民运动健康的文献资料,可以发现现有研究基本集中于探究城市进程加快下,社区体育与全民健身的实际情况,各大高校的开展情况以及体育设施的建设情况,即多是注重探究相关性及创新性的科研文献,鲜有将大众对全民健身运动的认知现状及意愿作为切入点的相关文献,健康中国的最大相关者是大众,因此本文以我国人口大省山东省青岛市和济宁市为调研地,深入研究两市居民对“健康中国”和运动健康知识的认知了解情况、运动意愿和实际行动及其影响因素,以期在此方面做出边际贡献,助力“健康中国”战略目标的实现。本次调研实发放问卷400份,回收有效问卷390份,问卷有效率为97.5%,数据通过了信度、效度、随机游程检验和卡方检验,问卷结果真实可靠,数据质量较高。针对居民对“健康中国”和运动健康知识的认知了解情况,本文采用交叉列联分析受访者基本信息与认知现状的内在关联;针对居民运动意愿和实际行动,本文采用排序选择模型量化职业、性别、年龄、月收入、所在地、网络健身打卡、所在地体育设施及冬奥会成功举办与居民运动意愿和实际行动的内在关联。文章通过上述分析得出相关结论,并从国家政府、居民个人两个层面为全面推进全民健身和全民健康融合发展提出科学合理化建议,以助力“健康中国”建设。

In 2016, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the “Healthy China 2030” planning outline, which put forward the strategic theme of building a healthy China “co-construction and sharing, health for all”, and the three-year epidemic prevention and control has made more and more people aware of the need to strengthen their health and exercise regularly. However, national fitness has not yet been popularized, and the construction of a healthy China still faces multiple challenges. After reviewing a large number of literature on national sports and health, it can be found that the existing research basically focuses on exploring the actual situation of community sports and national fitness under the acceleration of urban processes, the development of major universities and the construction of sports facilities, that is, most of them are scientific research literature that focuses on exploring relevance and innovation, and there are few relevant literature that takes the public’s cognitive status and willingness to national fitness as the entry point, and the biggest relevant person in healthy China is the public. Therefore, this paper takes Qingdao City and Jining City, Shandong Province, China’s most populous provinces, as the research sites, and deeply studies the residents’ cognition and understanding of “Healthy China” and sports health knowledge, their willingness to exercise, their actual actions and their influencing factors, in order to make marginal contributions in this regard and help the realization of the strategic goal of “Healthy China”. In this survey, 400 questionnaires were distributed, 390 valid questionnaires were recovered, the effective rate of the questionnaire was 97.5%, the data passed the reliability, validity, random run-length testing and Chi-square test, the questionnaire results were true and reliable, and the data quality was high. Aiming at residents’ cognition of “healthy China”, sports and health knowledge, this paper uses Cross-tabs analyze the intrinsic relationship between the basic information of respondents and the current cognitive status. Aiming at residents’ willingness to exercise and actual actions, this paper uses Ordered Choice Model to quantify the intrinsic relationship between occupation, gender, age, monthly income, location, online fitness check-in, local sports facilities and the successful holding of the Winter Olympics and residents’ willingness to exercise and actual actions. Based on the above analysis, the paper draws relevant conclusions, and puts forward scientific and rational suggestions for comprehensively promoting the integrated development of national sports and national health from the two levels of the national government and individual residents, so as to help the construction of “Healthy China”.