渭–库绿洲土壤盐分时空分异特征研究

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Soil Salinity in gan-Kuqa Oasis

绿洲土壤特性的空间变异性是土壤的重要属性之一。不同尺度上的土壤空间变异性的定量化研究可以使人们了解植物与土壤的关系,养分和水分对植物的影响以及植物的空间格局等具有重要的参考价值。本文运用GIS技术,采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,分析渭–库绿洲土壤含盐量的时空变异情况,及其揭示其绿洲土壤盐分的时空变异规律。结果表明,各时期表层土壤盐分拟合的理论模型都符合球状模型;研究区盐渍化土壤主要集中于研究区的东部和东南部,该区域土壤含盐量相当高,形成了区域积盐中心;研究区西部和西北部含盐量较低;土壤含盐量大体上有从研究区的西北、西边区域向研究区东南和东部区域的方向增加的趋势。渭–库绿洲气候与土壤条件非常适宜种植棉花,是新疆的主要棉花生产区域之一。这对研究区土地的合理利用、了解土壤的结构和功能、合理的水资源灌溉利用、土壤盐碱化防治、棉田的优化布局和棉花产业的可持续发展提供科学依据,从而对保护渭–库绿洲生态环境的稳定性做出贡献。

Spatial variation of soil properties is one of the important properties of oasis soils. Quantitative research on spatial variation of soils on different scales could help people learn the soil-plant re-lationships and the effects of soil moisture and nutrients on plant growth, and spatial patterns of plant community. In this paper, we used GIS technology combined with traditional statistics and geostatistics to analyze Spatial and temporal characteristics of soil salinity in Ögan-Kuqa Oasis. Results showed that, the theoretical model of the surface soil salt fitting the spherical model;soil salinization in the study area is mainly concentrated in the east and southeast of this area with quite high salinity, formed a regional center of salt deposition;in western and northwestern area, low salt content were observed. The oasis climate is very suitable for cotton plantation, and thus this area is one of the main cotton production bases of Xinjiang. Results from this research should provide a scientific basis for rational use of the soils, understanding the structure and function of soil, reasonable irrigation water resources utilization, soil salinity control, optimize the layout of cotton fields, and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of cotton industry, thus to protect the stability of oasis ecological environment.