强化污泥厌氧消化性能的预处理技术研究进展

Progress in the Pretreatment of Sludge Anaerobic Digestion

随着我国城市污水处理厂污水处理量的逐年增加,剩余污泥产量也日益增大,导致其处理处置难。污泥因为其含水率高、富含有机质及病原体,在处理处置之前,必须进行稳定化处理。厌氧消化是污泥稳定化的常用技术,特别是针对大中型污水处理厂,并且可以通过产甲烷,实现能源回收。但由于细胞壁的存在,使得污泥水解成为厌氧消化的重要限速步骤。通过一定的预处理作用,可有效地提高细胞壁的破解效率,促进胞内有机物的溶出,大幅缩短污泥厌氧消化周期,提高污泥厌氧消化性能。本文综述了污泥厌氧消化预处理的各种主要技术的优缺点,包括生物处理、热水解、机械处理、化学氧化处理和碱处理等技术。目前研究的重点主要集中在预处理后污泥的性质变化及产甲烷性能的改善方面。

With the increase of wastewater treatment capacity of wastewater treatment plant in China, the production of excess sludge is increasing day by day, leading to the difficulty in treatment and disposal. The sludge must be stabilized before final disposal because of its high moisture content and rich in organic matter and pathogens. Anaerobic digestion is a common technology for sludge stabilization, especially for large and medium sized wastewater treatment plants, and can be used for production of methane to achieve energy recovery. However, because of the presence of the cell wall, the hydrolysis of sludge is key limited step of anaerobic digestion rate. The pretreatment technologies of sludge can effectively enhance the damage of the cell wall, promoting the intracel-lular organic matter releasing into aqueous phase, improving the sludge anaerobic digestion per-formance. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment technologies of sludge an-aerobic digestion were reviewed in this study, including biological treatment, thermal hydrolysis, mechanical treatment, chemical oxidation treatment and alkali treatment. At present, the research focuses on the characteristics of the sludge after pretreatment and the improvement of methane production.