浅析太阳能光伏电站对环境的影响

A Brief Review on the Environmental Impact of Solar Photovoltaic Power Station

近年来,为解决能源短缺和许多与化石燃料相关的环境问题,国家在对煤电进行改造和减排的同时,鼓励和支持利用可再生能源发电,其中太阳能光伏发电技术发展十分迅速,近年来国内外兴建了众多的光伏发电站,在实际投入生产中取得了显著的应用实效。然而,太阳能光伏电站建设与运营往往需要面对潜在的一些负面环境影响。对于建设一个大型光伏电站,限制其建设进度的往往是前期的评估许可阶段,而出现建设延后的原因常常是对光伏电站建设施工期以及营运期对环境的影响。同时,光伏组件从制造到生命周期结束整个过程中的对环境产生的影响也不容忽视。为了全面评估光伏电站在整个生命周期对环境的影响,本文概述了光伏电站对环境影响的评估方法,介绍了包括晶体硅电池的生产制造、光伏电站的建设运营已及最后回收处理各个阶段对环境有可能产生的影响,希望能给相关工作提供些许参考。

Facing the worldwide power energy crisis, the application utilization of sustainable and renewable energy provides a possible solution. Recently significant progresses have been made regarding large-scale solar power plants, especially the photovoltaic power generation system. Sometimes, however, the construction of large scale PV power station has some adverse environmental impli-cations during their implementation, operation and even in the end of their life. Those impacts have not been fully studied or understood in literature. Moreover, environmental impacts during photovoltaic modules’ manufacturing cannot be ignored. To overview the details, this study has conducted a comprehensive review on summarizes the environmental impact of photovoltaic power generation system throughout its lifecycle, including the manufacture of a crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, the construction of a solar power plants as well as the installation and the disposal. Furthermore, a feasibility study into of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules recycling has been carried out.