青海省都兰县草原畜牧业演变及其影响——以巴隆乡为例

Evolution and Impact of Grassland Animal Husbandry in Dulan County, Qinghai Province: A Case Study of Balong Township

草原作为我国畜牧业的主要生产物质基础和重要的生产资料,是保障牧民的生活和促进畜牧业可持续发展的重要基础。也对畜牧业和人类经济社会的可持续发展建设了强大的劳动力和物质基础。草原自然也是一个十分脆弱的生态系统,近年来,草原的退化、沙化、荒漠化己日趋严重,草原承载能力出现急剧下降。80年代末开始,随着草场利用制度的变化、畜牧业生产水平的提高和市场经济刺激等因素综合作用,改变了牧区原有的草原畜牧业生产特点和发展规律,使牧民游牧方式、牧区草原五畜数量和结构发生了实质性变化。然而,这一切又使草原生态环境发生了深刻变化,并带来一系列环境问题。本文在分析巴隆乡草原畜牧业变迁和牲畜的变化特征的基础上,提出了都兰县传统游牧方式的极端重要性。新中国成立以来,青海省都兰县巴隆乡草原畜牧业的演变和牲畜变化来看,草场利用与产业经营制度是畜牧业发展影响因素之一;然而,作为地处世界屋脊上的草原畜牧业,自然地理环境的制约往往难以逾越;市场经济对草原畜牧业的影响也不可忽视。

Grassland, as the main material basis and production means of animal husbandry, is the basis of herdsmen’s life and animal husbandry development. It also provides a strong material foundation for the sustainable development of human society. Grassland is also a very fragile biophysical ecosystem. In recent years, grassland degradation, and desertification have become increasingly serious, and the grassland area and carrying capacity have declined sharply. Beginning in the late 1980s, with the change of pasture utilization system, the improvement of animal husbandry production level and market economic stimulus, and other factors, the original grassland animal husbandry production characteristics and development rules of the pastoral area have been changed. There has been a substantial change in the number and structure of grassland animals in pastoral areas. However, all these have caused profound changes in the grassland ecological environment and brought a series of environmental problems. Based on the analysis of the changes in the grassland animal husbandry and the changing characteristics of livestock in Balong Township, this paper puts forward the extreme importance of traditional nomadic methods in Dulan County. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, from the perspective of grassland animal husbandry evolution and livestock changes in Dulan County, Qinghai Province, pasture utilization and industrial management systems have been one of the influencing factors for animal husbandry development. However, as the grassland animal husbandry on the roof of the world, the constraints of the natural geographical environment are often difficult to surpass;the impact of the market economy on the grassland animal husbandry cannot be ignored.