山区县域景观格局动态变化研究

Study on the Dynamic Change of Mountain Landscape Pattern

景观格局代表某一区域内的空间格局,可以很好地代表景观的异质性,并处于动态变化中。只有不断追随景观的渐进过程和规律,把握变化的特征,变化的强度和变化的趋势,才能为区域内的景观格局的优化和规划提供方向。分析山区内部景观格局变化,不仅能够发现内部变化存在的问题,提出改善方案,还能为山区经济发展与资源利用提供参考。本文以山东省栖霞市为例,选取该市2009年、2019年TM遥感影像,利用ENVI、eCognition等软件处理图像,并使用Arcgis10.2和Excel表格进行转换矩阵分析变化趋势,选取7项景观格局指数,使用Fragstats4.2计算。分析该地区景观格局的动态变化。结果表明:1) 近10年来,栖霞市土地利用类型中,优势地类为园地,土地利用程度缩减。2) 2009年至2019年十年间栖霞市各类生活空间用地增长迅速,生产空间用地小幅度缩小,生态空间用地大幅度上涨。3) 在景观结构方面,斑块总数减少,破碎程度减轻。4) 景观多样性方面:分布和并排指数不高,香农多样性指数略有下降,香农均匀度指数保持稳定,扩散指数增加。表明该地异质性较强,优势地类突出,各类景观的连接性加强。

Landscape pattern represents the spatial pattern in a certain region, which can well show the heterogeneity of landscape and is in a dynamic change. Only by constantly following up the gradual change process and law of landscape, and grasping the change characteristics, change intensity and change trend, can we provide direction for the optimization and planning of landscape pattern in the region. The analysis of the change of landscape pattern in the mountainous area can not only find out the problems existing in the internal change and put forward the improvement plan, but also provide a reference for the economic development and resource utilization in the mountainous area. In Qixia city of Shandong province as an example, this paper selected the city in 2009 and 2019 TM remote sensing image, using the preprocessing of ENVI, eCognition in interpretation, the division of land use types and a good space partition, and Arcgis10.2 and Excel spreadsheet to make transfer matrix analysis change trend, reuse Fragstats4.2 vector diagram for a variety of landscape pattern index calculation, analysis in the dynamic changes of landscape structure. The results show that: 1) In the past ten years, among the land use types of Qixia, the dominant land type is garden land, and the degree of land use has shrunk. 2) During the ten years from 2009 to 2019, all kinds of living space land in Qixia increased rapidly, the production space has shrunk slightly, and the ecological space increased significantly. 3) In terms of landscape structure, the total number of patches is reduced, and the degree of fragmentation is reduced. 4) In terms of landscape diversity: the distribution index and the side-by-side index are not high, the Shannon evenness index remained stable, and the difussion index increased. It shows that the place has strong heterogeneity, prominent dominant land types, and strengthened connectivity of various landscapes.