氮沉降对土壤线虫影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Nematodes

人类活动引起的氮素富集,极大地改变了土壤群落的组成和功能。线虫是数量和种类最丰富的土壤生物之一,在土壤食物网中起着重要作用。因此,线虫被认为是富集条件下土壤生态系统功能变化的有用指标。在全球气候变化研究中,氮沉降的生态效应越来越重要。我国目前氮排放严重,导致大气氮在陆地生态系统中沉积,影响温室气体平衡和生物多样性。未来几十年,中国的氮沉降预计将继续增加。特别是在森林生态系统中,人类活动引起的大气氮沉降的增加,对森林生态系统的结构和功能产生不同的影响,甚至导致森林退化。森林生态系统中的大气氮沉降会影响土壤氮素的淋滤或保持能力和有效性,降低土壤pH值,并通过影响土壤pH值、铵态氮含量和植物群落组成影响土壤线虫群落。本文综述了近年来土壤线虫的研究成果和土壤线虫对氮沉降的响应,讨论了土壤线虫的结构和功能以及对氮沉降的不同响应机制。

Nitrogen enrichment caused by human activities has greatly changed the composition and function of soil communities. Nematodes are one of the most abundant and diverse soil organisms and play an important role in soil food webs. Therefore, nematodes are considered to be a useful indicator of changes in soil ecosystem function under enrichment conditions. The ecological effect of nitrogen deposition is becoming more and more important in the study of global climate change. The serious nitrogen emission in China leads to the deposition of atmospheric nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems, which affects the balance of greenhouse gases and biodiversity. China's nitrogen deposition is expected to continue to increase in the coming decades. Especially in forest ecosystems, the increase of atmospheric nitrogen deposition caused by human activities has different effects on the structure and function of forest ecosystems, and even leads to forest degradation. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems can affect the leaching and retention capacity and availability of soil nitrogen, reduce soil pH, and affect soil nematode community by affecting soil pH, ammonium nitrogen content and plant community composition. In this paper, the research achievements of soil nematodes in recent years and their responses to nitrogen deposition are reviewed, and the structure and function of soil nematodes as well as their different response mechanisms to nitrogen deposition are discussed.