再组织化与自主治理:乡村振兴背景下重塑农民主体性的路径选择

Reorganization and Self-Governance: The Path Choice of Remolding Peasant Subjectivity in the Context of Rural Revitalization

在乡村振兴的时代背景下,发挥农民群体的主体性作用具有重要意义,但当前农村社区发展中存在乡村共同体式微和农民去组织化现象,如何重塑农民主体性就成为一个焦点议题。本研究借助再组织化和自主治理的研究视角,基于对云南省老君山贫困社区的个案观察,发现在外部主体的引导下,分散小农能够形成组织化的力量去有效承接外部资源,确保重塑农民主体性中的主体在场;再组织化的农民进一步内生村规民约制度,从制度生成、执行、强化三个方面分别解决制度供给、可信承诺、相互监督三个难题,实现有效的自主治理,确保重塑农民主体性中的主体行动。再组织化与自主治理确保主体在场和主体行动,成为乡村振兴背景下重塑农民主体性的有效路径。

In the context of rural revitalization, it is of great significance to give play to the role of farmers’ subjectivity. However, in the current development of rural communities, there exist the phenomenon of rural community decline and farmers’ disorganization. How to reshape farmers’ subjectivity has become a focus issue. From the perspective of reorganization and self-governance, this study observed a case study of poor communities in Laojunshan, Yunnan Province, and found that under the guidance of external subjects, dispersed smallholders could form organizational forces to effectively undertake external resources and ensure the presence of the subject in the reconstruction of farmer subjectivity. The reorganized farmers will further produce village rules and regulations, solve the three problems of system supply, credible commitment and mutual supervision from the three aspects of system generation, implementation and strengthening, so as to realize effective independent governance and ensure the subject action in the reconstruction of farmers’ subjectivity. Reorganization and independent governance ensure subject presence and subject action respectively and become an effective way to reshape farmers’ subjectivity under the background of rural revitalization.